Services

Establishes and documents a work's ownership history, testing it against known gaps in the record — loss registries, wartime transfers, and disputed titles — before a work is acquired, consigned, or insured.

Addresses who made a work, when, and under what circumstances — combining connoisseurship, technical examination, and documentary research, and stating clearly where the evidence supports certainty and where it does not.

Written opinions of value for insurance, estate planning, charitable donation, equitable distribution, and sale — prepared to the evidentiary standard the purpose requires, including formal DDR and FMV appraisals.

Supports collectors and institutions over time: acquisition review, insurance scheduling, condition monitoring, and succession planning for a collection as a whole.